Single Photon Generation and Detection

• Author : Anonim
• Publisher : Academic Press
• Release : 29 November 2013

Single-photon generation and detection is at the forefront of modern optical physics research. This book is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of single-photon techniques and research methods in the spectral region from the visible to the infrared. The use of single photons, produced on demand with well-defined quantum properties, offers an unprecedented set of capabilities that are central to the new area of quantum information and are of revolutionary importance in areas that range from

• Author : Martin J. Stevens
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

To understand the nature of light sources, one needs to know the statistical properties of emitted light and how the tools used to measure those properties reflect those statistics. This chapter will cover the vocabulary and notation necessary for understanding the characteristics of the sources and detectors covered in this book. After a brief review of the quantized electric field and relevant operators, we explore properties of single-photon sources, starting with relationships among state vectors, density matrices and photon number

• Author : Alain Aspect,Philippe Grangier
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

• Author : Karl K. Berggren,Eric A. Dauler,Andrew J. Kerman,Sae-Woo Nam,Danna Rosenberg
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

Superconducting materials provide a unique opportunity for single-photon detectors. The combination of the strong non-linearity present in the superconducting-metal transition and in Josephson junctions; the unique electrical property of zero resistance; the fast relaxation processes present in many superconducting materials; and the easily engineered optical absorptance of metals results in a system that can be adapted to many photo-detection requirements. As a result of these material features, a variety of detector families have emerged in recent years based on superconducting

• Author : Jungsang Kim,Kyle S. McKay,Paul G. Kwiat,Kevin Zielnicki,Eric J. Gansen
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

In this Chapter, we summarize the current status and future prospects of a number of novel semiconductor-based single-photon detectors, including visible-light photon counters (VLPCs), solid-state photo-multipliers (SSPMs), and quantum-dot-based detectors. SSPMs and VLPCs utilize the gain produced by impact ionization of the impurity band to detect single photons over a wide wavelength range between 0.4 and 28. Quantum-dot-based single-photon detectors use photoconductive gain associated with photogenerated carriers trapped in quantum dots. We cover the basic operating principles of these devices, describe experimental

• Author : Sergey V. Polyakov
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

We discuss applying single-photon detectors to measurements with high accuracy. Two primary standard methods of detector calibration are reviewed: one based on a radiant power measurement (substitution method) and the other—on a simultaneous generation of photon pairs (correlation method). It is shown how to apply these methods to two types of detectors: with no photon number resolution (PNR) and with full PNR. In addition, an experimental comparison of the two calibration methods with non-PNR detectors is presented.

• Author : Ivo Pietro Degiovanni,Sergey Polyakov,Alan Migdall,Hendrik B. Coldenstrodt-Ronge,Ian A. Walmsley,Franco N.C. Wong
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

This chapter presents an overview of efforts to improve photon-counting detection systems through the use of hybrid detection techniques such as spatial- and time-multiplexing of conventional detectors, and frequency up-conversion. It reviews the basic operation for these methods and illustrates their utility in a number of applications showing new or improved capabilities compared with conventional methods.

• Author : Sergio Cova,Massimo Ghioni,Mark A. Itzler,Joshua C. Bienfang,Alessandro Restelli
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

This chapter presents a broad review of the principle, design, fabrication, operation, and performance of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), and provides a comparative basis to assess the relative merits of the wide variety of devices and techniques covered. Particular attention is paid to the design of and operation of both silicon and high-speed-gated InGaAs/InP detection systems, as well as array-based systems.

• Author : J.C. Bienfang,J. Fan,A. Migdall,S.V. Polyakov
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

• Author : Andreas Christ,Alessandro Fedrizzi,Hannes Hübel,Thomas Jennewein,Christine Silberhorn
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

In this chapter we review the process of parametric down-conversion (PDC) and discuss the different methods to use PDC as a heralded single-photon source. PDC is a non-linear optical process, where an incoming pump photon decays, under energy and momentum conservation, into a photon-pair. The creation of photons in pairs allows for the implementation of a single-photon source by detecting one photon (trigger) to herald the presence of its partner (signal). The engineering possibilities of PDC enable the generation of

• Author : Alex McMillan,Yu-Ping Huang,Bryn Bell,Alex Clark,Prem Kumar,John Rarity
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

The efficient generation of single photon and entangled photon states is of considerable interest both for fundamental studies of quantum mechanics and practical applications, such as quantum communications and computation. It is now well known that correlated pairs of photons suitable for such applications can be generated directly in a guided mode of an optical fiber through the nonlinear process of spontaneous four-wave mixing. Detection of one photon of the pair can be used to herald the presence of the

• Author : Lijian Zhang,Hendrik Coldenstrodt-Ronge,Animesh Datta,Ian A. Walmsley
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

As quantum detectors evolve to become ever more sophisticated, their description in terms of a limited number of generic parameters falls short. An alternative description of the performance of a detector is provided by its positive-operator-valued measure (POVM). In this chapter we introduce a technique, quantum detector tomography, which allows us to experimentally reconstruct the POVM of the detector under test. Detailed examples on how to apply this technique to phase-insensitive detectors are given. We also discuss the challenges for

• Author : Glenn S. Solomon,Charles Santori,Axel Kuhn
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

• Author : Anonim
• Publisher : Elsevier/AP, Academic Press is
• Release : 21 March 2023

• Author : Bo Zhao,Jian-Wei Pan
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 29 November 2013

We introduce the atomic-ensemble-based single-photon source. Thanks to the collective enhancement, It has the following advantages: it does not require strong coupling between light and matter, thanks to the collective enhancement; the generated narrow band single photons are storable, narrow-band, and highly controllable; and the single photons emitted from independent sources are pure and indistinguishable. In conjunction with a feedback circuit, the atomic-ensemble single-photon source can work in a deterministic way, where the production rate is significantly enhanced while low