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📒Scaling Up ✍ Verne Harnish
✏Author : Verne Harnish
✏Publisher : Select Books Incorporated
✏Release Date : 2014-10-21
✏Pages : 256
✏ISBN : 0986019526
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Book Summary : Offers techniques for growing a business into a dominant industry force, focusing on four important decision areas that are fundamental to successful company growth.
📒Scaling Up Scaling Down ✍ Thomas J. Marchione
✏Author : Thomas J. Marchione
✏Publisher : Routledge
✏Release Date : 2013-12-19
✏Pages : 322
✏ISBN : 9781134390908
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Scaling Down Book Summary : The individual and institutional capacities required for the prevention and reduction of nutritional insecurity and hunger in lesser-developed countries as the twenty-first century approaches are identified in this book. Household nutritional "security" can be defined as the successful The essays in this book champion the idea of increasing, or scaling up, grass roots operations to provide nutritional security, while scaling down the efforts of national and international institutions. Scaling up involves strengthening local capacities to improve and expand upon current successful programs by building upon existing local culture and organizations. This, in turn, enables the programs to strengthen relationships with national governments, international bilateral/multilateral donors, as well as non-governmental organizations. Scaling down concerns the ways and means by which these various organizations encourage and complement the local development. Therefore, as local capacities are scaled up, the national/international control over decisions and functions is, ideally, scaled down. The volume also directly addresses the resultant complication: how to create programs that are both culturally specific and that will flourish well into the future.
📒Scaling Up ✍ John A. Heitmann
✏Author : John A. Heitmann
✏Publisher : Chemical Heritage Foundation
✏Release Date : 2005-06
✏Pages : 24
✏ISBN : 0941901017
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Book Summary : Focusing on petroleum refining and penicillin production. this book is a tribute to the engineers who transformed laboratory reactions into large production facilities. It accompanies CHF's travelling exhibit by the same name.
📒Scaling Up Health Service Delivery ✍ Ruth Simmons
✏Author : Ruth Simmons
✏Publisher : World Health Organization
✏Release Date : 2007
✏Pages : 183
✏ISBN : 9789241563512
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Health Service Delivery Book Summary : "The focus here is on ways to increase impact of health service innovations that have been tested in pilot or experimental projects so as to benefit more people and to foster policy and programme development on a lasting, sustainable basis." -- p.i Preface.
📒Scaling Up Excellence ✍ Robert I. Sutton
✏Author : Robert I. Sutton
✏Publisher : Crown Business
✏Release Date : 2014-02-04
✏Pages : 368
✏ISBN : 9780385347037
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Excellence Book Summary : Wall Street Journal Bestseller "The pick of 2014's management books." –Andrew Hill, Financial Times "One of the top business books of the year." –Harvey Schacter, The Globe and Mail Bestselling author, Robert Sutton and Stanford colleague, Huggy Rao tackle a challenge that determines every organization’s success: how to scale up farther, faster, and more effectively as an organization grows. Sutton and Rao have devoted much of the last decade to uncovering what it takes to build and uncover pockets of exemplary performance, to help spread them, and to keep recharging organizations with ever better work practices. Drawing on inside accounts and case studies and academic research from a wealth of industries-- including start-ups, pharmaceuticals, airlines, retail, financial services, high-tech, education, non-profits, government, and healthcare-- Sutton and Rao identify the key scaling challenges that confront every organization. They tackle the difficult trade-offs that organizations must make between whether to encourage individualized approaches tailored to local needs or to replicate the same practices and customs as an organization or program expands. They reveal how the best leaders and teams develop, spread, and instill the right mindsets in their people-- rather than ruining or watering down the very things that have fueled successful growth in the past. They unpack the principles that help to cascade excellence throughout an organization, as well as show how to eliminate destructive beliefs and behaviors that will hold them back. Scaling Up Excellence is the first major business book devoted to this universal and vexing challenge and it is destined to become the standard bearer in the field.
📒Scaling Up Nutrition ✍ Susan Horton
✏Author : Susan Horton
✏Publisher : World Bank Publications
✏Release Date : 2009-11-06
✏Pages : 132
✏ISBN : 0821380788
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Nutrition Book Summary : Action against malnutrition is needed more than ever. An additional US$10.3 billion a year is required from national and international public resources to successfully attack undernutrition worldwide. This would benefit more than 360 million children in the 36 countries with the highest burden of undernutrition home to 90 percent of the stunted children globally. Since early childhood offers a special window of opportunity to improve nutrition, the bulk of the investment needs to be targeted between pre-pregnancy until two years of age. 'Scaling Up Nutrition: What Will It Cost?' notes that investment will yield high returns through thriving children, healthier families, and more productive workers. This investment is essential to make progress on the nutrition and child mortality Millennium Development Goals and to protect critical human capital in developing economies. The human and financial costs of further neglect will be high. This call for greater investment in nutrition comes at a time when global efforts to strengthen health systems provide a unique opportunity to scale up integrated packages of health and nutrition interventions with common delivery platforms, thereby reducing costs. 'Scaling Up Nutrition: What Will It Cost?' has benefited from the expertise of many international agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and research institutions. This book will be of interest to policy makers, public health officials, nutritionists, government officials, and all those interested in improving child nutrition and health outcomes.
📒Scaling Up Community Driven Development ✍ Hans P. Binswanger-Mkhize
✏Author : Hans P. Binswanger-Mkhize
✏Publisher : World Bank Publications
✏Release Date : 2003
✏Pages :
✏ISBN :
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Community driven Development Book Summary :
✏Author : James King
✏Publisher : Expertengruppe Verlag
✏Release Date : 2020-08-16
✏Pages : 126
✏ISBN : 9783968971384
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Beginner s Guide To Scaling Your Business Book Summary : Scaling Up - Beginner’s Guide To Scaling Your Business (Economies of Scale) Knowing the right steps for your startup Would it not be great, if your business does not only grow at a rapid level, but its structure and system even support and enhance such a rapid growth rate? Every healthy business needs to grow – we know that. And it is in the interest of every business owner not only to grow his business at a very rapid rate, but to keep the costs at a fairly low level to excel revenues. But how can this work? What steps are necessary? This beginner’s guide provides easy to understand answers on: ... what scaling really is ... how you scale your business ... how business funding will scale your business ... how to build a sustainable, durable, scalable and more profitable business ... risks that come from scaling your business. Take action now and start to scale your business! About the author, James King: James King is a successful business consultant. Even though he mostly consults global companies, his passion is to enable startup or long existing small-scale enterprises in becoming more successful. He knows from innumerable years of experience, that with the right mindset, the right tools and the right business foundation, every tiny business can be turned into an extremely successful and profitable high-scale company. His dream is, that every entrepreneur, who is willing to bring the necessary effort, can acquire the knowledge that is needed without overextending himself. Make sure to order this guidebook today to experience… ... what scalability is ... and how you scale your business. Content of this book: About the author Foreword What is scaling? How to scale your business?? Business funding will scale your business Build a sustainable, durable, scalable and more profitable business Risks that come form scaling your business Biggest risks of scaling up Opportunities to scale your business with data Conclusion
📒The Scaling Up Of Microfinance In Bangladesh ✍ Hassan Zaman
✏Author : Hassan Zaman
✏Publisher : World Bank Publications
✏Release Date : 2004
✏Pages : 22
✏ISBN :
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏The Scaling up of Microfinance in Bangladesh Book Summary : "The microfinance industry in Bangladesh currently provides access to credit to around 13 million poor households. Zaman describes the factors that led to the scaling-up of micro-credit in Bangladesh, the impact this has had on the poor, future challenges in Bangladesh, and possible lessons for other countries. The consensus in the literature is that micro-credit plays a significant role in reducing household vulnerability to a number of risks and that it contributes to improving social indicators. The author argues that strategic donor investments in a handful of well-managed institutions that offer a simple, easily replicable financial product could lead to large gains in access to finance for the poor. However, this approach could sacrifice other objectives of financial sector development, such as product and institutional diversity, which could be promoted after the initial expansion has taken place. Governments can also have a crucial role in promoting access to microfinance by ensuring macroeconomic stability, enforcing a simple regulatory structure, and developing communications networks that reduce transaction costs. Another lesson is that while visionary leadership cannot simply be franchised, the internal management systems that led to the scaling-up can be replicated in other settings"--Abstract.
📒Scale Up In Education Ideas In Principle ✍ Barbara L. Schneider
✏Author : Barbara L. Schneider
✏Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
✏Release Date : 2007
✏Pages : 316
✏ISBN : 0742547310
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scale up in Education Ideas in principle Book Summary : Scale-Up in Education, Volume 1: Ideas in Principle examines the challenges of 'scaling up' from a multidisciplinary perspective. It brings together contributions from disciplines that routinely take promising innovations to scale, including medicine, business, engineering, computing, and education. Together the contributors explore appropriate methods for estimating the effects of innovations in larger, more diverse settings and provide theories and models to guide the design of innovations most likely to remain viable at large scales. Specially-commissioned commentaries also discuss the analytical requirements and theoretical possibilities of a program of educational research on scale-up built upon these foundations. This volume is ideally suited for researchers, policymakers, and graduate students charged with determining the effectiveness of educational interventions. With its insights into the conceptual and methodological prerequisites for obtaining rigorous, actionable evidence of intervention effects, the volume provides reading for program evaluation courses in schools of education and public policy.
📒Scaling Up In Agriculture Rural Development And Nutrition ✍ Johannes F. Linn
✏Author : Johannes F. Linn
✏Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
✏Release Date : 2012
✏Pages : 48
✏ISBN : 9780896296756
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up in Agriculture Rural Development and Nutrition Book Summary :
📒Scaling Up ✍ National Research Council
✏Author : National Research Council
✏Publisher : National Academies Press
✏Release Date : 1989-02-01
✏Pages : 100
✏ISBN : 9780309041317
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Book Summary : Large and growing opportunity costs are resulting from the inability to produce sophisticated, reliable software in a timely manner. Software engineering presents stubborn problems, but in this book, a group of experts suggest several constructive directions for research. Together, they support the need for greater interaction between researchers and practitioners and more aggressive efforts to share and reuse software engineering knowledge.
✏Author : UNESCO
✏Publisher : UNESCO
✏Release Date : 2014-07-14
✏Pages : 92
✏ISBN : 9789230011956
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Comprehensive sexuality education the challenges and opportunities for scaling up Book Summary :
📒Aid Scaling Up Do Wage Bill Ceilings Stand In The Way ✍ Annalisa Fedelino
✏Author : Annalisa Fedelino
✏Publisher : International Monetary Fund
✏Release Date : 2006-04-01
✏Pages : 37
✏ISBN :
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Aid Scaling Up Do Wage Bill Ceilings Stand in the Way Book Summary : This paper assesses whether the scaling up of aid and the resulting increase in government spending that is needed to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) would be hampered by wage bill ceilings that are often part of government programs supported by the IMF's Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF). Based on country case studies for 2003-05, the paper suggests that, in the past, wage bill ceilings have not restricted the use of available donor funds. Yet the paper offers a number of suggestions for further enhancing the flexibility of wage bill conditionality in PRGF-supported programs to respond to higher aid flows that may result in the future.
✏Author : Douglas Pachico
✏Publisher : CIAT
✏Release Date : 2004
✏Pages : 293
✏ISBN : 9789586940641
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up and Out Achieving Widespread Impact through Agricultural Research Book Summary :
📒The Macroeconomic Challenges Of Scaling Up Aid To Africa ✍ Sanjeev Gupta
✏Author : Sanjeev Gupta
✏Publisher : International Monetary Fund
✏Release Date : 2005-09-01
✏Pages : 62
✏ISBN :
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏The Macroeconomic Challenges of Scaling Up Aid to Africa Book Summary : This paper surveys the economic literature on the scaling-up of aid to Africa. It provides a checklist of issues that need to be considered when preparing a long term macroeconomic projection for a country involving the assumption of a significant increase in aid. Such scaling-up scenarios are most likely to be developed in the context of a country's efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) with the support of the international donor community. The paper stresses that when preparing a scaling-up scenario it is critical to have a detailed understanding of the likely use of additional aid flows.
✏Author :
✏Publisher : World Bank Publications
✏Release Date : 2005
✏Pages :
✏ISBN :
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling up microfinance for India s rural poor Book Summary :
📒Macroeconomic Challenges Of Scaling Up Aid To Africa ✍ Yongzheng Yang
✏Author : Yongzheng Yang
✏Publisher : International Monetary Fund
✏Release Date : 2006-03-20
✏Pages : 78
✏ISBN : 9781452730165
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Macroeconomic Challenges of Scaling Up Aid to Africa Book Summary : Over the next decade, African countries are expected to be the largest beneficiaries of increased donor aid, which is intended to improve their prospects for achieving the Millennium Development Goals. This handbook will help these countries assess the macroeconomic implications of increased aid and respond to the associated policy challenges. The handbook is directed at policymakers, practicing economists in African countries, and the staffs of international financial institutions and donor agencies who participate in preparing medium-term strategies for African countries, including in the context of poverty reduction strategy papers. It provides five main guidelines for developing scaling-up scenarios to help countries identify important policy issues involved in using higher aid flows effectively: to absorb as much aid as possible, to boost growth in the short to medium term, to promote good governance and reduce corruption, to prepare an exit strategy should aid levels decrease, and to regularly reassess the policy mix.
📒The Macroeconomics Of Scaling Up Aid ✍ Mr. Joannes Mongardini
✏Author : Mr. Joannes Mongardini
✏Publisher : International Monetary Fund
✏Release Date : 2009-05-01
✏Pages : 32
✏ISBN : 9781451916928
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏The Macroeconomics of Scaling Up Aid Book Summary : This paper assesses the macroeconomic implications of scaling up aid for Benin in line with the Gleneagles commitment to double aid to poor countries over the next three years to reach $85 per capita by 2010 and keep it at that level thereafter. The analysis suggests that the additional aid inflows can be accommodated under Fund-supported programs without major disruptions to macroeconomic stability, provided the inflows are highly concessional and used effectively. There are, however, significant risks that the impact on growth and poverty reduction of the additional aid inflows could fall short of expectations, given Benin''s limited absorptive and administrative capacity.
📒Scaling Up Treatment For The Global Aids Pandemic ✍ Institute of Medicine
✏Author : Institute of Medicine
✏Publisher : National Academies Press
✏Release Date : 2004-12-24
✏Pages : 344
✏ISBN : 9780309092647
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Treatment for the Global AIDS Pandemic Book Summary : An estimated forty million people carry the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and five million more become newly infected annually. In recent years, many HIV-infected patients in wealthy nations have enjoyed significantly longer, good-quality lives as a result of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, most infected individuals live in the poorest regions of the world, where ART is virtually nonexistent. The consequent death toll in these regions--especially sub-Saharan Africa--is begetting economic and social collapse. To inform the multiple efforts underway to deploy antiretroviral drugs in resource-poor settings, the Institute of Medicine committee was asked to conduct an independent review and assessment of rapid scale-up ART programs. It was also asked to identify the components of effective implementation programs. At the heart of the committee's report lie five imperatives: Immediately introduce and scale up ART programs in resource-poor settings. Devise strategies to ensure high levels of patient adherence to complicated treatment regimens. Rapidly address human-resource shortages to avoid the failure of program implementation. Continuously monitor and evaluate the programs to form the most effective guidelines and treatment regimens for each population. Prepare to sustain ART for decades.
📒Scaling Up Machine Learning ✍ Ron Bekkerman
✏Author : Ron Bekkerman
✏Publisher : Cambridge University Press
✏Release Date : 2012
✏Pages : 475
✏ISBN : 9780521192248
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Machine Learning Book Summary : This integrated collection covers a range of parallelization platforms, concurrent programming frameworks and machine learning settings, with case studies.
✏Author : OECD
✏Publisher : OECD Publishing
✏Release Date : 2013-05-24
✏Pages : 163
✏ISBN : 9789264193833
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling up Finance Mechanisms for Biodiversity Book Summary : This report examines six mechanisms that can be used to scale-up financing for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use and to help meet the 2011-20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets.
📒Scaling Up Learning For Sustained Impact ✍ Davinia Hernández-Leo
✏Author : Davinia Hernández-Leo
✏Publisher : Springer
✏Release Date : 2013-08-15
✏Pages : 650
✏ISBN : 9783642408144
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling up Learning for Sustained Impact Book Summary : This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2013, held in Paphos, Cyprus, in September 2013. The 31 full papers, 18 short papers, 14 demonstrations and 29 posters presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 194 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections. The topics addressed include open educational resources (OER), massive open online courses (MOOC), schools of the future, orchestration of learning activities, learning networks, teacher networks, bring your own device (BYOD), social media, learning analytics, personalization, mobile learning, computer-supported collaborative learning, game-based and simulation-based learning, and learning design.
📒Pity The Finance Minister Issues In Managing A Substantial Scaling Up Of Aid Flows ✍ Peter S. Heller
✏Author : Peter S. Heller
✏Publisher : International Monetary Fund
✏Release Date : 2005-09-01
✏Pages : 36
✏ISBN :
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Pity the Finance Minister Issues in Managing a Substantial Scaling Up of Aid Flows Book Summary : Substantially scaling up of aid flows will require development partners to address many issues, including the impact of higher aid flows on: the competitiveness of aid recipients; the management of fiscal and monetary policy; the delivery of public services; behavioral incentives; and the rate of growth of the economy. Other issues will include the appropriate sequencing of aid-financed investments; balancing alternative expenditure priorities; the implications for fiscal and budget sustainability; and exit strategies from donor funding. Donors will need to ensure greater long-term predictability and reduced short-term volatility of aid. The international financial institutions can play a critical role in helping countries address these scaling-up issues.
✏Author : Matthew Gaertner
✏Publisher : International Monetary Fund
✏Release Date : 2012-03-07
✏Pages : 72
✏ISBN : 9781463998141
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Enhancing Development Assistance to Africa Lessons from Scaling Up Scenarios Book Summary : The pace of progress toward achievement of the Millenium Development Goals (MDG) in many sub-Saharan African countries remains too slow to reach targets by 2015, despite significant progress in the late 1990s. The MDG Africa Steering Group, convened in September 2007 by the UN Secretary-General, designated 10 countries for pilot studies to investigate how existing national development plans would be impacted by scaled up development aid to Africa. This joint publication of the IMF and the United Nations Development Programme reports conclusions drawn from these pilot studies and summarizes country-specific results for Benin, the Central African Republic, Ghana, Liberia, Niger, Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo, Sierra Leone, and Zambia.
📒The Macroeconomics Of Medium Term Aid Scaling Up Scenarios ✍ Rafael Portillo
✏Author : Rafael Portillo
✏Publisher : International Monetary Fund
✏Release Date : 2010-07-01
✏Pages : 45
✏ISBN : 9781455250554
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏The Macroeconomics of Medium Term Aid Scaling Up Scenarios Book Summary : We develop a model to analyze the macroeconomic effects of a scaling-up of aid and assess the implications of different policy responses. The model features key structural characteristics of low-income countries, including varying degrees of public investment efficiency and a learning-by-doing (LBD) externality that captures Dutch disease effects. On the policy front, it distinguishes between spending the aid, which is controlled by the fiscal authority, and absorbing the aid - financing a higher current account deficit - which is influenced by the central bank''s reserve accumulation policies. We calibrate the model to Uganda and run several experiments. We find that a policy mix that results in full spending and absorption of aid can generate temporary demand and real exchange rate appreciation pressures, but also have a positive effect on real GDP in the medium term, through higher public capital. Full spending with partial absorption, on the other hand, may stem appreciation pressures but can also induce adverse medium-term real GDP effects, through private sector crowding out. When aid is very inefficiently invested and there are strong LBD externalities, aid can be harmful, and partial absorption policies may be justified. But in this case, a welfare improving solution is to defer spending or - even better if possible - raise its efficiency.
✏Author : O. Kayser
✏Publisher : Springer
✏Release Date : 2015-02-23
✏Pages : 225
✏ISBN : 9781137466549
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling up Business Solutions to Social Problems Book Summary : A silent revolution is underway, as entrepreneurs challenge prevalent notions of business motives and methods to invent market-based solutions to eradicate social injustice. Yet many fail to succeed. Based on original research, the authors uncover why impressive solutions fail to scale up, featuring global case studies and practical solutions.
✏Author :
✏Publisher : CIMMYT
✏Release Date : 2006-01-01
✏Pages : 26
✏ISBN : 9789706481436
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Strategies for Strengthening and Scaling Up Community Based Seed Production Book Summary :
📒Money Isn T Everything The Challenge Of Scaling Up Aid To Achieve The Millennium Development Goals In Ethiopia Epub ✍ Mr. Todd D. Mattina
✏Author : Mr. Todd D. Mattina
✏Publisher : International Monetary Fund
✏Release Date : 2006-08-01
✏Pages : 1085
✏ISBN : 9781452760230
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Money Isn t Everything The Challenge of Scaling Up Aid to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals in Ethiopia EPub Book Summary : This paper outlines the challenge of developing an operational macroeconomic framework in Ethiopia consistent with the large envisaged scaling up of aid to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This paper describes an MDG scenario that addresses both microeconomic and macroeconomic constraints, such as the need to boost sustainable growth, limit Dutch disease, formulate an exit strategy from aid dependency, enhance public financial management (PFM), and expand the supply of skilled labor. The paper will argue that a carefully sequenced MDG strategy is essential so that the scaled-up aid and public spending will remain in line with Ethiopia's absorptive capacity.
📒Scaling Up ✍ Sean Markey
✏Author : Sean Markey
✏Publisher : Athabasca University Press
✏Release Date : 2016-02-15
✏Pages : 313
✏ISBN : 9781771990219
✏Available Language : English, Spanish, And French
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✏Scaling Up Book Summary : When citizens take collaborative action to meet the needs of their community, they are participating in the social economy. Co-operatives, community-based social services, local non-profit organizations, and charitable foundations are all examples of social economies that emphasize mutual benefit rather than the accumulation of profit. While such groups often participate in market-based activities to achieve their goals, they also pose an alternative to the capitalist market economy. Contributors to Scaling Up investigated innovative social economies in British Columbia and Alberta and discovered that achieving a social good through collective, grassroots enterprise resulted in a sustainable way of satisfying human needs that was also, by extension, environmentally responsible. As these case studies illustrate, organizations that are capable of harnessing the power of a social economy generally demonstrate a commitment to three outcomes: greater social justice, financial self-sufficiency, and environmental sustainability. Within the matrix of these three allied principles lie new strategic directions for the politics of sustainability. Whether they were examining attainable and affordable housing initiatives, co-operative approaches to the provision of social services, local credit unions, farmers’ markets, or community-owned power companies, the contributors found social economies providing solutions based on reciprocity and an understanding of how parts function within the whole—an understanding that is essential to sustainability. In these locally defined and controlled, democratically operated organizations we see possibilities for a more human economy that is capable of transforming the very social and technical systems that make our current way of life unsustainable.