Domino Effects in the Process Industries

• Author : Genserik Reniers,Valerio Cozzani
• Publisher : Newnes
• Release : 08 July 2013

Domino Effects in the Process Industries discusses state-of-the-art theories, conceptual models, insights and practical issues surrounding large-scale knock-on accidents—so-called domino effects—in the chemical and process industries. The book treats such extremely low-frequency phenomena from a technological perspective, studying possible causes and introducing several approaches to assess and control the risks of these scenarios. The authors also examine these events from a managerial viewpoint, discussing single and multi-plant management insights and requirements to take pro-active measures to prevent such

• Author : Valerio Cozzani,Gigliola Spadoni,Genserik Reniers
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 08 July 2013

The assessment of hazards related to domino accidents is an important issue in the safety analysis of an industrial site. Several methodologies exist and different levels of detail may be used in the analysis. The present section provides a framework and a classification of the available techniques that may be used for domino assessment. Three approaches having a different level of detail are outlined and linked to needs and/or specific phases of process safety assessment. Criteria for the selection

• Author : Bahman Abdolhamidzadeh
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 08 July 2013

Nowadays the application of decision support systems (DSSs) in process safety is more important than ever. The use of DSS for preventing domino effects is one of the diverse applications of these computer-automated toolkits. Different software packages were developed in recent years, each trying to manage domino risk by a specific approach. In this chapter, the definition, architecture, benefits and essential characteristics of DSS toolkits are described. The application, scope, approach, technical features, advantages, shortcomings and limitations of all the

• Author : Joaquim Casal,Rosa-Mari Darbra
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 08 July 2013

The diverse historical surveys on accidents involving domino effect have been analyzed to identify their significance and their most important features. From these data, the importance of domino effect among all accidents in the process industry and in the transportation of hazardous materials has been highlighted. The characteristics of this type of accidents have been studied with a statistical approach: origin and causes of domino effect, materials most frequently involved and effects and consequences of accidents. The significance of the

• Author : Alessandro Tugnoli,Valerio Cozzani,Faisal Khan,Paul Amyotte
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 08 July 2013

Risk-based design has an important role in the inherent prevention of domino effect, limiting the possibility of escalation by both physical distances between units and introduction of robust safety barriers. In this chapter, the role of design in reducing domino hazard has been explored. Layout definition was identified as a key factor for the prevention of escalation. Threshold values for escalation to be used in design activities were defined. Thus, criteria for the assessment of appropriate safety distances were developed

• Author : Ernesto Salzano,Pol Hoorelbeke,Faisal Khan,Paul Amyotte
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 08 July 2013

Explosions produce pressure waves which expand in the atmosphere. When impacting industrial equipment, domino effects may be caused if the equipment content is flammable or toxic. A detailed analysis of these scenarios requires complex computational tecniques based on finite element analysis. Simplified methodologies have been developed in the past years for land use planning and quantitative risk assessment. These approaches are based on the definition of probability functions and threshold values for the occurrence of loss of containment from damaged

• Author : Gabriele Landucci,Valerio Cozzani,Michael Birk
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 08 July 2013

Escalation triggered by fires resulting in domino scenarios was the cause of severe accidents in the process industry. As a matter of fact, the catastrophic failure of process equipment, both pressurized and atmospheric, may be induced by the heat-up due to the exposure to accidental fires, leading to the loss of containment of hazardous materials. In this chapter, the behavior of equipment exposed to accidental fire will be investigated in order to identify the fundamental mechanisms underlying the failure of

• Author : Valerio Cozzani,Genserik Reniers
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 08 July 2013

Domino effects may cause more severe accident scenarios in the chemical and process industries. An introduction is given to the context and state of the art of technical and scientific knowledge concerning accident scenarios where domino effect(s) took place, as well as to European regulations on the subject. The specific context of chemical clusters with respect to safety and security assessment when dealing with domino scenarios is also introduced.

• Author : Valerio Cozzani,Giacomo Antonioni,Nima Khakzad,Faisal Khan,Jerome Taveau,Genserik Reniers
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 08 July 2013

The complexity of domino scenarios represented a considerable obstacle to the quantitative assessment of risk posed by escalation events. In the present chapter, the state of the art concerning quantitative approaches proposed for the assessment of risk caused by domino accidents is summarized. A procedure for the quantitative risk assessment of domino accidents, suitable for the calculation of individual and societal risk indexes, is outlined. Alternative approaches proposed for the quantitative assessment of domino effects, based on Bayesian techniques and

• Author : Valerio Cozzani,Genserik Reniers
• Publisher : Elsevier
• Release : 08 June 2021

Dynamic Risk Assessment and Management of Domino Effects and Cascading Events in the Process Industry provides insights into emerging and state-of-the-art methods for the dynamic assessment of risk and safety barrier performance in the framework of domino effect risk management. The book presents methods and tools to manage the risk of cascading events involving the chemical and process industry. It is an ideal reference for both safety and security managers, industrial risk stakeholders, scientists and practitioners. In addition, laymen may

• Author : Gabriele Landucci,Ernesto Salzano,Jerome Taveau,Gigliola Spadoni,Valerio Cozzani
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 08 July 2013

The analysis of domino escalation scenarios is a complex task. The use of advanced distributed parameter models may provide a significant contribution to domino effect escalation assessment. Nevertheless, this approach requires a detailed description of equipment geometry and the characterization of the primary scenarios leading to the escalation. This chapter is aimed at presenting the potentialities of the distributed parameters codes for the specific assessment of domino accidents triggered by fire and overpressure by the analysis of specific case studies.

• Author : Anonim
• Publisher : Academic Press
• Release : 09 July 2021

Domino Effect: Its Prediction and Prevention, Volume Five in the Methods in Chemical Process Safety series, focuses on the process of learning from experience, including elements of process safety management, human factors in the chemical process industries, and the regulation of chemical process safety, including current approaches. Users will find this book to be an informative tool and user manual for process safety for a variety of professionals. This new release focuses on Domino effect – Case histories and accident statistics,

• Author : Gabriele Landucci,Nima Khakzad,Genserik Reniers
• Publisher : Elsevier
• Release : 30 January 2020

Physical Security in the Process Industry: Theory with Applications deals with physical security in the field of critical infrastructures where hazardous materials are a factor, along with the state-of-the-art thinking and modeling methods for enhancing physical security. The book offers approaches based on scientific insights, mainly addressing terrorist attacks. Moreover, the use of innovative techniques is explained, including Bayesian networks, game-theory and petri-networks. Dealing with economic parameters and constraints and calculating the costs and benefits of security measures are also

• Author : Chao Chen,Genserik Reniers,Ming Yang
• Publisher : Springer Nature
• Release : 30 October 2021

This book provides insight into domino effects in industrial chemical sites and process industries. It is about the integration of safety and security resources to prevent and mitigate domino effects in the process industries. It explains how chemical industrial areas, comprised of various hazardous installations, are susceptible to a chain of undesired events, or domino effects, triggered by accidental events or intentional attacks and then presents solutions to prevent them. Firstly, the book provides a dynamic graph approach to model

• Author : Genserik Reniers,Valerio Cozzani
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 08 July 2013

The first step in the assessment of domino accident scenarios is the definition of the basic elements of escalation resulting in a domino effect. In the present chapter, the fundamental elements of a domino accident are discussed. A generic and unambiguous definition for “domino effect” is provided, taking into consideration a myriad of definitions for the term that have been suggested since 1984. An approach is elaborated and discussed to allow drafting a comprehensive and full-scale categorization of events that may