Diet Immunity and Inflammation

• Author : Philip C Calder,Parveen Yaqoob
• Publisher : Elsevier
• Release : 30 September 2013

Although inflammation is one of the body’s first responses to infection, overactive immune responses can cause chronic inflammatory diseases. Long-term low-grade inflammation has also been identified as a risk factor for other diseases. Diet, immunity and inflammation provides a comprehensive introduction to immunity and inflammation and the role that diet and nutrition play with regard to this key bodily response. Part one, an introductory section, discusses innate and adaptive immunity, mucosal immunity in a healthy gut and chronic inflammatory

• Author : Elizabeth A Miles,Philip Calder,Caroline E Childs
• Publisher : MDPI
• Release : 22 May 2020

Supporting initiation, development and resolution of appropriate immune responses is key to survival. Many nutrients and dietary components have been purported to have a role in supporting optimal immune function. This is vital throughout the life course, from the development and programming of the immune system in early life, to supporting immunity and reducing chronic inflammation in older people. In this special issue of Nutrients, we examine the evidence for the role of diet and dietary components in promoting protective

• Author : Leola Sitton
• Publisher : Independently Published
• Release : 02 April 2021

If you've ever twisted your ankle or jammed a finger, you know what happens to the area: It swells. But you might not know that certain foods can trigger inflammation that you can't necessarily see. The author, a Professional nutritionist and previous inflammation sufferer bring his 15 years of experience into this book in order to offer any person who wishes to diminish and avoid their inflammation diet problems a quick and effective solution. Packed with professional secret diet advice and

• Author : Maryam Mahmoudi,Nima Rezaei
• Publisher : Springer
• Release : 30 July 2019

This volume provides readers with a systematic assessment of current literature on the link between nutrition and immunity. Chapters cover immunonutrition topics such as child development, cancer, aging, allergic asthma, food intolerance, obesity, and chronic critical illness. It also presents a thorough review of microflora of the gut and the essential role it plays in regulating the balance between immune tolerance and inflammation. Written by experts in the field, Nutrition and Immunity helps readers to further understand the importance of

• Author : Z. Huang,P.R. China,P.R. Hoffmann
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 30 September 2013

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that is important for various aspects of human health, including optimal immune responses. This chapter summarizes evidence to date regarding the effects of dietary Se on allergies and asthma, aging immunity, clinical sepsis, immunity against various pathogens and other types of inflammation and immune responses. Also presented is information pertaining to mechanisms by which Se influences inflammation and immunity, including roles for individual selenoproteins.

• Author : B. Watzl
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 30 September 2013

In addition to nutrients affecting chronic low-grade inflammation, dietary patterns and specific foods significantly modulate inflammatory processes. This chapter focuses on plant foods including whole grain, vegetables and fruits, soy, nuts, coffee and tea. It summarizes current information from human observational as well as human intervention studies and discusses relevant bioactive compounds such as dietary fibre and phytochemicals.

• Author : R. Rueda
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 30 September 2013

Gangliosides are negatively charged glycosphingolipids widely distributed in most vertebrate tissues and fluids. Human milk gangliosides might modulate physiological processes that take place in the early development of infants. This chapter describes the role of gangliosides as regulators of cell membrane organization and function, and in cell-cell recognition during normal differentiation or tissue targeting. As major components of membrane raft domains, dietary gangliosides may potentially influence a wide range of biological processes, including immune function, inflammation, neuronal signaling, entry of

• Author : F. Guarner
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 30 September 2013

The human gut is the natural habitat for a diverse and dynamic microbial ecosystem having an important impact on health and disease. Unabsorbed portions of food are a major nutritional source for these microbial communities. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that are selectively fermented in the gut resulting in specific changes in the composition or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefits upon host health. Inulin-type fructans and galacto-oligosaccharides are the most extensively studied prebiotics. They are fermented in

• Author : M. Gleeson
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 30 September 2013

The chapter begins by discussing the impact of intensive exercise training on immune function and susceptibility to infection in athletes. It then reviews the evidence that diet and nutritional supplements can modify immune responses to exercise and reduce infection incidence, symptom severity or duration in endurance athletes.

• Author : P.C. Calder
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 30 September 2013

This chapter discusses the influence of dietary long-chain fatty acids on aspects of inflammation including markers of the inflammatory process and functional responses of inflammatory cells. It discusses the underlying mechanisms by which fatty acids can act and places the observations made in the context of treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.

• Author : A.C. Ross,K.H. Restori
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 30 September 2013

Vitamin A is required in the diet of all vertebrates, and is metabolized intracellularly to retinoic acid (RA), which is well known as a regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. RA activates nuclear retinoid receptors and regulates a wide variety of genes. This chapter first discusses vitamin A nutrition and metabolism, and then how inflammation affects the metabolism of vitamin A compounds. Clinically, RA and several analogs are used in the treatment of skin disorders. Vitamin A deficiency is a

• Author : P. Brandtzaeg
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 30 September 2013

The intestinal immune system has generated two arms of adaptive anti-inflammatory defense which normally preserve the epithelial barrier: (i) immune exclusion performed by secretory IgA (SIgA) (and SIgM) antibodies to control surface colonization of micro-organisms and dampen penetration of potentially harmful antigens; and (ii) suppressive mechanisms to avoid hypersensitivity to innocuous antigens, particularly food proteins and the commensal microbiota. The latter phenomenon (‘oral tolerance’) largely depends on regulatory T (Treg) cells induced in mesenteric lymph nodes to which mucosal dendritic

• Author : F. Ioannone,C. Miglio,A Raguzzini,M. Serafini
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 30 September 2013

It has been suggested that flavonoids, secondary metabolites widely present in the vegetable kingdom, are involved in the role played by plant foods in disease prevention. The immune-modulating action of flavonoids in vitro suggests a specific role in modulating cytokines and transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). However, the majority of studies have been conducted with non-physiological concentrations of flavonoids and without considering the nature of the metabolites found in the bloodstream. In humans, the number

• Author : N.W. Solomons
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 30 September 2013

It has been over 50years since Scrimshaw, Taylor and Gordon set out the bases for interpretation of synergistic and antagonistic interactions between malnutrition and infection. Any contemporary update must recognize emerging diseases such as HIV and re-emerging diseases such as tuberculosis. Genetic and epigenetic concepts and techniques have merged with the advance of technology in basic and applied immunity. Not only nutrient deficiencies, but also their excesses – including obesity and overweight – alter host defenses and risk of infections. Issues of

• Author : A.N. Margioris,E. Dermitzaki,M. Venihaki,C. Tsatsanis
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 30 September 2013

Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation which results in insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, vascular disease, chronic renal failure, several cancers and endocrine and behavioural abnormalities. The enlarged white adipocytes of the obese are now considered to be the initiators of chronic low-grade inflammation. Indeed, the gradual accumulation of triglycerides within adipocytes shifts their phenotype towards a pro-inflammatory one and at the same time accelerates their apoptosis. The hyperplastic white trunkal adipocytes of obesity produce large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines,