Corrosion of Metallic Heritage Artefacts

• Author : P Dillmann,G Beranger,P Piccardo,H Matthiessen
• Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
• Release : 21 March 2007

Written by distinguished editors and contributors, this book explores long term corrosion and its effects on metallic artifacts. It reviews key themes such as the processes underlying corrosion over long periods, how corrosion rates can be measured, and materials conserved. Chapters discuss long term corrosion in metals such as steel, iron, and bronze, then examines the impact of environmental factors on corrosion rates and also considers instrumental techniques for measuring corrosion such as electrochemistry and scanning electron microscopy, as well

• Author : P Dillmann,G Beranger,P Piccardo,H Matthiessen
• Publisher : Elsevier
• Release : 23 January 2014

Understanding long term corrosion processes is critical in many areas, including archaeology and conservation. This important book reviews key themes such as the processes underlying corrosion over long periods, how corrosion rates can be measured and materials conserved. After an overview of the study and conservation of metal archaeological artefacts, a group of chapters reviews long term corrosion in metals such as steel, iron and bronze. Other chapters review the impact of environmental factors on corrosion rates. The book also

• Author : P Dillman
• Publisher : CRC Press
• Release : 02 April 2007

Written by distinguished editors and contributors, Corrosion of Metallic Heritage Artefacts explores long term corrosion and its effects. It reviews key themes such as the processes underlying corrosion over long periods, how corrosion rates can be measured, and materials conserved. The book discusses long term corrosion in metals such as steel, iron, and bronze, then examines the impact of environmental factors on corrosion rates. It also considers instrumental techniques for measuring corrosion such as electrochemistry and scanning electron microscopy, as

• Author : M. Abdel Harith
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 31 July 2013

In the present chapter laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is introduced as a powerful spectrochemical analytical technique that can be exploited to characterize corroded artifacts. Scientific and technological aspects of LIBS are briefly presented. LIBS does not need sample preparation, it is nondestructive and it can be used for in-situ measurements. Examples of LIBS applications that can help archaeologists in conservation and restoration of metallic artifacts are given. We demonstrated the use of LIBS in analysis of corroded metal threads, depth

• Author : E. Cano,D. Lafuente
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 31 July 2013

This chapter reviews the applicability and specific uses of corrosion inhibitors in metal conservation practice. Corrosion inhibitors are one of the different methods used by conservation-restoration professionals to preserve metallic cultural heritage. In the first part, specific requirements and needs for corrosion inhibitors in conservation treatments are reviewed, as well as the different methods for the assessment of their efficiency. The second part of the chapter reviews the different inhibitors used by type of metals: copper and its alloys, iron

• Author : D. Neff,S. Reguer,P. Dillmann
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 31 July 2013

This chapter introduces the techniques used when investigating corrosion layers formed on cultural heritage artefacts. Various multiscale analysis methods, from macroscopic to nanoscopic scales, are presented. Information on the morphology, the elementary composition and the crystalline structure that each method allows for determining the constituents of the corrosion layers is examined, as well as their limits in terms of set-up, spatial and detection resolution. This chapter discusses the characteristics of the scientific tools that can be used to understand corrosion

• Author : E. Angelini,S. Grassini,S. Tusa
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 31 July 2013

This chapter deals with the description of suitable and innovative solutions devoted to preserve metallic artefacts in their original contexts, underwater cultural heritage sites of archaeological and historical interest, as well as with the analysis of the degradation processes of ferrous and non-ferrous artefacts induced by contact with an aggressive environment such as sea water. The chapter also provides an overview of the most common conservation strategies applied to recovered artefacts.

• Author : P Dillmann,D Watkinson,E Angelini,A Adriaens
• Publisher : Elsevier
• Release : 31 July 2013

The conservation of metallic archaeological and historic artefacts is a major challenge whether they are ancient bronzes or relics of our more recent industrial past. Based on the work of Working Party 21 Corrosion of Archaeological and Historical Artefacts within the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC), this important book summarises key recent research on analytical techniques, understanding corrosion processes and preventing the corrosion of cultural heritage metallic artefacts. After an introductory part on some of the key issues in this area,

• Author : L.M. Abrantes,A.I. Melato
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 31 July 2013

This chapter describes the recent advances in corrosion protection afforded by the use of ultra-thin organic films such as polymer films and self-assembled monolayers. Emphasis is given to the metal surface modification by self-assembled monolayers of carboxylic acids due to their properties and ability to protect metallic artefacts.

• Author : D. Watkinson
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 31 July 2013

Relationships between conservation and corrosion scientists are assessed and similarities, differences and synergies identified. Corrosion control as a preservation option for heritage metals is advocated as being cost-effective and pragmatic. This will require generation of data to develop predictive conservation and estimation of object lifespan as a function of their intrinsic and extrinsic variables. Methods for quantitative determination of corrosion rates of chloride infested heritage iron and techniques for scaling to heritage value are discussed. The iron hull of the

• Author : P. Letardi
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 31 July 2013

The basic principles of corrosion and electrochemistry are briefly summarised to indicate the capabilities of electrochemical techniques in diagnostic and conservation of heritage metals. The basic elements of each electrochemical measurement – cell, electrolyte, instrumentation – are schematically illustrated in the specific application to cultural heritage. The different measurement techniques are reviewed, divided into three groups: (1) potential measurements; (2) DC techniques; (3) AC techniques. The aims and fields of application are discussed, reporting several examples of specific applications in the field of cultural heritage.

• Author : H. Matthiesen
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 31 July 2013

Oxygen is a key factor in corrosion and decay of artefacts from our cultural heritage. The measurement of oxygen concentrations and quantification of oxygen consumption is therefore extremely useful in both corrosion and conservation science. This chapter focuses on two aspects of oxygen monitoring: first, measurement of oxygen consumption of cultural heritage artefacts to evaluate their corrosion rate and the efficiency of conservation treatments, and second, measurement of oxygen concentration in the burial environment to evaluate the preservation conditions and

• Author : A. Doménech-Carbó
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 31 July 2013

This chapter discusses the application of the voltammetry of microparticles, a solid-state electrochemical technique, to the field of corrosion of archaeological metal. Identification of metals and alloys, identification, mapping and layer-by-layer analysis of corrosion products on metal surfaces using this technique are described. Applications include quantification of components of alloys and corrosion layers, and evaluation of metal conservation and the kinetics of long-term corrosion processes. Specific applications in archaeometry, conservation and restoration include authentication and dating.

• Author : S. Grassini
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 31 July 2013

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful tool in developing the most appropriate methodology for ensuring long-lasting artefact preservation. EIS consists in the measurement of amplitude and phase of the surface impedance of coated metallic objects at different frequencies in order to highlight either the protective effectiveness of a coating or the stability of a corrosion product layer grown onto the metallic surface. Two in-situ EIS measuring campaigns are described together with the description of the portable instrument and the

• Author : D.A. Scott
• Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
• Release : 31 July 2013

Metallographic investigations may be an essential component in the search for authenticity and fabrication technology. Assessing how an artefact is made may involve metallographic examination, usually entailing the removal of a small sample from the object concerned. Examples of the use of metallography are discussed with reference to copper alloys, high-tin bronzes, Chinese bronze mirrors, copper plaques, iron and steels, and plated or coated metals, such as depletion gilded surfaces or those covered with gold foil or other metals. The